Alif. Lam. Mim., muqatta'at

Sura 2
I am Allah, the best Knower

Commentary
The original words are alif, lam, mlm. Translations of the Holy Qur-an generally leave abbreviations, like the one occurring here, untranslated. The combinations of letters or single letters occurring at the commencement of several chapters of the Holy Qur-an, 29 in all, are called ... simply muqatta'at, and according to the best received opinion these letters are abbreviations standing for words. .... Abbreviations are known to all languages, the only peculiarity of their use in Arabic literature being that the letters carry different meanings in different places, and the meaning is decided in each case by the context. 

Such is the opinion of I’Ab (AH). Both he and IMsd agree in interpreting the alif, Idm, mim occurring here, as well as at the commencement of the 3rd, 29th, 30th, 31st, and 32nd chapters of the Holy QurAn, as ... I am Allah, the best Knower, alif standing for ana, lam for Allah, and mim for a'lamu (AH, IJ), being respectively the first, the middle, and the last letter of the words for which they stand. Others regard them as contractions for some Divine attribute. That they may also serve as the names of chapters is no ground for supposing that they carry no significance. 

The strange suggestion of Golius that alif, Idm , mim stands for amr-h- Muhammad, which is said to mean at the command of Muhammad, is not only devoid of authority but is also grammatically incorrect, and the correct Arabic equivalent would be bi-amr-i-Muhammad, which, however, does not give us the actual letters. 

Rodwell's statement, made in his comment on the significance of the letter nun occurring m the beginning of chapter 68, that “the meaning of this and of the similar symbols, throughout the Quran, was unknown to the Muhammadans themselves even in the first century" is equally devoid of truth, for the significance of these lettors can in most cases be traced to the companions of the Holy Prophet, and hence the suggestion that these were “private marks or initial letters attached by their proprietor to the copies furnished to Zaid, when effecting his rescension of the text under ’Usman” is not even worth consideration, and it is further opposed to the surest historical testimony, which proves beyond all doubt that these letters were recited as parts of these chapters in the time of the Holy Prophet himself.
(Muhammad Ali)

Sura 2 
Alif. Lam. Mim.(Pickthall)

Sura 2 
ELIF. LAM. MIM.
Sura 68
In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful
Nun. 1 By the PEN  and by what they write,
 
Commentary
1 It has been conjectured that as the word Nun means fish, there may be a reference to the fish which swallowed Jonas (v. 48). The fact, however, is that the meaning of this and of the similar symbols, throughout the Koran, was unknown to the Muhammadans themselves even in the first century. Possibly the letters Ha, Mim, which are prefixed to numerous successive Suras were private marks, or initial letters, attached by their proprietor to the copies furnished to Said when effecting his recension of the text under Othman. In the same way, the letters prefixed to other Suras may be monograms, or abbreviations, or initial letters of the names of the persons to whom the copies of the respective Suras belonged.

addenda: The symbol nun may possibly refer to this letter as forming the Rhyme in most of the verses of this Sura.

Sura 2
A. L. M
The mysterious letters which are placed at the beginning of certain chapters of the Qur’ân are explained invarious ways by the Muslim commentators. Some suppose them to be part of the revelation itself, and to conceal sublime and inscrutable mysteries; others think that they stand for the names of Allâh, Gabriel, Mohammed, and so on.

Nöldeke has the ingenious theory that they were monograms of the names of the persons from whom Zâid and his companions obtained the portions to which they are prefixed; thus, A L R would stand for Ez-zubâir, A L M R for Al-Mughâirah, T H for Tal‘Hah, and so on. A comparison of the Arabic letters themselves with the names suggested makes the hypothesis a very probable one. They may have been mere numerical or alphabetical labels for the boxes of scraps on which the original was written; the authors of the Commentary known as El Jelâlâin, however, give the prevailing opinion amongst Muslim scholars when they say, 'God alone knows what He means by these letters.'

Sanhedrin 22a
8. The Gemara asks: According to Rabbi Shimon, who says that this script was not changed at all, what is the reason “they could not read the writing” (Daniel 5:8)? Rav says: Because it was written for them in the obscure code of gimatriyya. It was written: Yod, tet, tav; yod, tet, tav; alef, yod, dalet, khaf; peh, vav, gimmel, ḥet, mem, tet. These letters correspond with: Mem, nun, alef; mem, nun, alef; tav, kuf, lamed; vav, peh, reish, samekh, yod, nun; this is based on the exchange of letters known as at bash, or the exchanging of a letter with its counterpart in the opposite place in the alphabet, e.g., alef, the first letter, for tav, the last letter.

9. What did Daniel explain to them? The letters stand for the terms: “Mene mene tekel ufarsin” (Daniel 5:25). He then explained the meaning: “Mene”: God has numbered [mena] the days of your kingdom and brought it to an end. “Tekel”: You are weighed [tekilta] on the scale and are found lacking. “Parsin”: Your kingdom is divided [perisat] and given to the Medes and Persians” (Daniel 5:26–28).

10. And Shmuel says: The writing used the correct letters for those terms, but instead of being written in order, the four words, mene mene tekel ufarsin were written vertically and were therefore meant to be read from the top down. If read in the usual way, from right to left, it says: “Mamtos nankafei a’alran.” And Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Each word was written backward, so that read right to left, they spelled, Anem anem leket nisrapu. Rav Ashi says: They were written with the first two letters of each word reversed: Nema nema ketal pursin.

Observation
Obviously the format of the Jewish writings are being plagiarised. 

A concordance to muqattaat
  1. S2(1) Alif. Lam. Mim.
  2. S3(1) Alim. Lam. Mim.
  3. S7(1) Alif. Lam. Mim. Sad.
  4. S10(1) Alif. Lam. Ra. These are verses of the Wise Scripture.
  5. S11(1) Alif. Lam. Ra. (This is) a Scripture the revelations whereof are perfected and then expounded. (It cometh) from One Wise, Informed,
  6. S12(1) Alif. Lam. Ra. These are verse of the Scripture that maketh plain.
  7. S13(1) Alif. Lam. Mim. Ra. These are verses of the Scripture. That which is revealed unto thee from thy Lord is the Truth, but most of mankind believe not.
  8. S14(1) Alif. Lam. Ra. (This is) a Scripture which We have revealed unto thee (Muhammad) that thereby thou mayst bring forth mankind from darkness unto light, by the permission of their Lord, unto the path of the Mighty, the Owner of Praise,
  9. S15(1) Alif. Lam. Ra. These are verses of the Scripture and a plain Reading.
  10. S19(1) Kaf. Ha. Ya. A'in. Sad.
  11. S20(1) Ta. Ha
  12. S26(1) Ta. Sin. Mim.
  13. S27(1) Ta. Sin. These are revelations of the Qur'an and a Scripture that maketh plain;
  14. S28(1) Ta. Sin. Mim.
  15. S29(1) Alif. Lam. Mim.
  16. S30(1) Alif. Lam. Mim.
  17. S31(1) Alif. Lam. Mim.
  18. S32(1) Alif. Lam. Mim
  19. S36(1) Ya Sin.
  20. S38(1) Sad. By the renowned Qur'an,
  21. S40(1) Ha. Mim.
  22. S41(1) Ha. Mim.
  23. S42(1) Ha. Mim. (2) A'in. Sin. Qaf.
  24. S43(1) Ha. Mim.
  25. S44(1) Ha. Mim.
  26. S45(1) Ha. Mim.
  27. S46(1) Ha. Mim.
  28. S50(1) Qaf. By the Glorious Qur'an,
  29. S68(1) Nun. By the pen and that which they write (therewith),

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